Industrial Leaders Controversy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 928 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Industry Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Industrial Leaders – Robber barons or Industrial Statesmen? The late 19th century industrial leaders have often been called industrial statesmen for the great economic power they brought to America. However, they have also been called robber barons† since they built this great wealth by abusing the system, their employees, and destroying their competitors. These kings of industry displayed characteristics of both industrial statesmen and robber barons. But which would better describe them? They had their faults, but overall these leaders should be respected for all they have done. The Gilded Age was a century known for having capitalism, corruption, and crude displays of wealth. Business leaders thought too much of their own money to notice the negative effect they had on the business market. Mark Twain named the Gilded Age – ‘gilded’ meaning ‘covered with gold’. He was one of the many people who believed that these business ow ners were robber barons and lived only for the making of their own money. Twain had said that the main goal for a man was to get rich – preferably in the most dishonest way. He strongly believed that millionaires like Rockefeller and Carnegie dishonestly received their high income. Likewise, William Sumner wrote â€Å"The captains of industry†¦ if they are successful, win great fortunes in a short time. † There was a huge difference – The captains of industry were well liked, while the millionaire robber barons. Andrew Carnegie, one of the top millionaires, was actually quite concerned for the public and their income. In fact, he wrote that the lucky wealthy should lead a simple life. Truth be told, he himself owned 40,000 acres of land and it was difficult to keep his moneymaking life modest. However, he was still one of the most humble of his fellow millionaire friends. He believed that civilization has greatly advanced and changed life conditions, yet he encouraged industrial and commercial competition. On the other hand, John D. Rockefeller, also known as the owner of Standard Oil Co. did not care much for modesty. His oil company proudly took over 90 percent of all oil businesses. Rockefeller spent a lot of time focusing on how his money could help humanity and how his business could profit. Before his death in 1937 and after making such a mind-blowing amount of money, he was generous enough to donate much of it to medical use, schools, and Baptist projects. These acts of total integrity put him in the spot right between â€Å"industrial statesmen† and â€Å"robber baron. † One would hope that the owner of railroads would be gracious toward humanity as well, but William Vanderbilt had no plans of being gracious whatsoever. His railroads did improve services, but in an interview with the Chicago Daily News in 1882 he would say, â€Å"Public be damned†¦ I don’t take any stock in this silly non sense about working for anyone’s good but our own† In respect to Rockefeller and Vanderbilt’s doings, Russell H. Conwell agreed that being rich was the best way to live. In his speech ‘Acres of Diamonds’, he declared that the majority of the rich were the most honest men you could find in the community. The rich became rich because they were the ones trusted with money, and therefore deserved it. Conwell and many others lived by the statement that it is one’s duty to get rich. Obviously, this helped them all think a little more of their money and did not help in the realization of how they were corrupting the government. Overall, the â€Å"industrial statesmen† prototype tended to protrude more than the â€Å"robber barons†. One could tell by their work that their efforts towards society were for the people and not at all for the money. For example, Tomas Edison; in a letter, he wrote that he would soon have the best and large st Laboratory. He was also sure that his company would make anything â€Å"from a ladys watch to a Locomotive. Edison showed great dedication for his work and the skilled workers he had. He knew the correct way to run a business and to pick the workers. He strove for better results, because it would help humanity. James Weaver can be labeled as an industrial statesman since his main desire was a good, capable business. In his novel â€Å"A Call to Action†, Walker discussed that trusts are in conflict with the common law. He stood behind his opinion that the main weapons of trusts are threats, intimidation, bribery, fraud, wreck, and pillage; all those in favor of trusts are robber barons. In conclusion, the Captains of Industry tried to organize new industries and provide better services as well. They also provided good jobs for the workers and gave much of their money to various charities. The Robber Barons, on the other hand, made millions of dollars without noticing th eir workers’ small incomes or donating a cent to a deserving cause. They were too busy checking the inflating prices, destroying competitors, and corrupting the government. However, characterizing the industrialists as a whole is completely uncalled-for, but an only be measured by an extent. Did they influenced Mark Twain in the naming of the Gilded Age or did they really did help out the U. S financially? The U. S had many factories and businesses that ran well, but they did not have unity. The economic world fell since there were constant wars between businesses and strikes between the people and the business. Like everyone else on this planet, they had flaws. However, the industrial leaders of the 19th century should be admired for their input into U. S. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Industrial Leaders Controversy" essay for you Create order

The International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights...

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (the Covenant) is arguably one of the most important treaties in international human rights law. The Human Rights Committee (the Committee), an independent body of experts established under article 28 of the Covenant are responsible for monitoring the implementation of the Covenant . The Covenant protects and promotes civil and political rights of individuals. It is part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which sets out civil and political rights, as well as economic, social and cultural rights . The Covenant has 168 State parties that have signed and ratified it . While the Covenant may have universal resonance – all states have humans making up their population – it has not been wholly accepted everywhere. In fact, a number of State parties have submitted reservations to the Covenant, restricting their already limited obligations under the Covenant . This essay will seek to show that the approach tak en to invalid reservations in General Comment 24 is not the established position, and thus has been criticised. Furthermore, this essay will reason that the approach in General Comment 24 is not appropriate for human rights treaties and that while invalid reservations to human rights treaties should be handled differently, the consent of State parties to the reservations must be respected and not usurped. States are not beholden to anyone but themselves; there is no supranational government that will haveShow MoreRelatedThe International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights2000 Words   |  8 PagesSection 3 – Article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights This article ensures the prohibition on arbitrary arrest and detention. It has been a long common method to deprive a person of his liberty by imprisoning. The deprivation of liberty is used as preventive measure for further offences occurring, flight or interference with material facts or witnesses in order to fight crime and maintain internal security. Such a measure should only be allowed if used when necessaryRead MoreThe International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights1669 Words   |  7 Pagesthe concept of non-derogable human rights as the basis for drawing a distinction between fundamental human rights (of jus cogens nature) and other core human rights (of jus dispositivum nature), and as argued in the paper, this classification sets an innate hierarchy, which when interpreted as such, can minimize conflict and in the worst, aid in resolution. The origin of this argument stems from Article 4 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) - arguably the most importantRead MoreThe International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights1775 Words   |  8 PagesThe International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Both of these treaties protect the right to privacy. Drawing almost verbatim on Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) , Article 17 of the ICCPR provides that 1. No one shall be subjected to arbitrary or unlawful interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to unlawful attacks on his honour and reputation. 2. Everyone has the right toRead MoreInternational Covenant On Civil And Political Rights1027 Words   |  5 Pagescan be determined that human rights violations occurred in the case of Biff and the rest of the elves at the factory in the North Pole. In his letter, Biff describes being forced into labor, receiving little pay, and being confined to the factory each day. The conditions described by Biff do not reflect standard or acceptable labor practices, and it is evident that Santa Claus’s factory did not follow peremptory norms or the conditions presented in certain human rights conventions that the North PoleRead MoreThe International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights1875 Words   |  8 PagesI. INTRODUCTION Article 26 of the International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights states that all persons are equal before the law . However, the Australian legal system, and specifically the judicial system, are systems based on the idea of justice. While at first thought, this may not seem like an issue, it is important to distinguish that equality is not always synonymous with justice . With this distinction in mind, it is not hard to imagine that there are aspects of the system that althoughRead MoreThe, Universal Declaration Of Human Rights980 Words   |  4 Pagesstates, in addition to civil society, began to united together in order to ensure history would not repeat itself. This action culminated in the advent of the United Nations. Formed with the intention of promoting international peace and cooperation among sovereign states, the United Nations seemed like a logical step in to ensuring universal rights. In 1948, the â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights† was adopted w ith the intention of protecting and ensuring human rights, which had become a prominentRead MoreThe International Convention On Civil And Political Rights : A Critical Analysis1107 Words   |  5 Pagesunder International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: A critical Analysis: The international Convention on Civil and Political Rights which is a multilateral treaty came to be adopted by the United Nations on 19th of December 1976, same of which came into force on 23rd of March, 1976 as according to Article 49 the Treaty was to come into force three months after the deposit of thirty fifth instrument of ratification or accession with the Secretary General of United Nations. The Covenant imposesRead MoreThe International Convention Of Civil And Political Rights1871 Words   |  8 PagesHutchings PS 387 Sp 16 Final Paper An Analysis On The International Convention Of Civil and Political Rights Introduction: The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights was encouraged from the level of conflict and lack of human rights internationally occurring during the World War II. World War II brought about a great amount of concern for encouraging and promoting human rights. The covenant explicitly focuses on the human rights that are expressed in order for the States, signed andRead MoreFair Trial Advantages1242 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION: The right to a fair trial is one of the fundamental guarantees of human rights and the rule of law, aimed at ensuring the proper administration of justice. It comprises various interrelated attributes and is often linked to the enjoyment of other rights, such as the right to life and liberty and the prohibition against torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. All persons must have equal rights of access to the courts and tribunals, including accessRead MoreProblems with Ethiopia’s Unofficial Cyber Espionage Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesinnocent journalists and violates the United Nations-The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - Article 19 Freedom of Expression. The purpose of this paper will address problems with Ethiopia’s unofficial cyber espionage and evaluate the effects this has on journalist Article 19 freedom of expression is violated. Ethiopia’s Anti-Terrorism Proclamation are explained along with The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which includes Article 19 and how both are used in journalism

The Comedy in Chivalry Free Essays

Jordynn Barnes April 16, 2013 The comedy in Chivalry The historical adulteration of chivalry in Don Quixote by Cervantes ties in to its literary parody. Don Quixote parodies the anticipation of chivalric affection: lone knights had lost their military essence. The dominant classes still served the ideology of chivalry. We will write a custom essay sample on The Comedy in Chivalry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The loss chivalry can be tied into the War of the Alpujarras. The knights, the caballeros de cuantia, were obligated to keep their horse and armor ready for serving the king, but slowly and shamefully they were unprepared. The knight’s individual language of knightly service represents the parody realism of chivalry as foolish as Don Quixote could fantasize about. Also, The knight’s materialistic behavior and desire of self-interest represented the character Sancho Panza. Don Quixote has read about chivalric romance and he tried to imitate the knights-errant. This is comical, because he had such a since of mission. These knights that he was trying to imitate were so far from being chivalric, yet he thought otherwise. The armor that the knights used to wear was for military purposes, but while going on his missions through La Mancha, he made sure to have his armor on. This was strange to the La Mancha town’s people, because wearing armor did not necessarily mean that knight was chivalric. Chivalry was long dead, and people only knew of it through books; it was not a practice they were used to. Don Quixote attempted to bring back this practice, and this draws attention to the interlude between social hierarchy and the principles that it sustained. This story of Don Quixote is a burlesque epic of the chivalry romance. Cervantes tried to teach the readers the sincerity by creating a ridiculous comedy my mocking and ridiculing the time period. Cervantes first shows how the protagonist’s noble knightly manner is old fashioned. The comedy is easy to understand, because the dynamics of the story are simple. Don Quixote tries to act out what he has read in the stories, for example, he lets prostitutes pamper him, because he says that they are princesses. In chapter three, he lets the innkeeper properly knight him, because he has not yet been knighted yet. Don Quixote thought that it was a knight’s duty to protect the citizens, so another comical scene in the novel is when Don Quixote tries to save a boy from being beaten from his master. Don Quixote tried to revolve the conflict, and he felt satisfied when he rode off on his horse; but little did he know is that the master beat the worker boy even worse after Don Quixote had left. â€Å"We can define comedy as something that entertains the reader and that makes us want to laugh out loud and Cervantes succeeds in doing this through his use of parody and satire and burlesque, slapstick and simple self-reflexive comedy. Along with the comedy, Cervantes uses adventures and shock through Don Quixote’s character to further entertain. Don Quixote had intervals of lucidity and moments of insanity. A moment of insanity is when he used the galley slaves to help fight off the guards so that he could reach his princess. Don Quixote freed the galley slaves, and in return the galley slaves beat Don Quixote, and left him. â€Å"Cervantes places particular emphasis on the comedy of appearance, comedy of situation and the comedy of action during Don Quixote’s adventures and it is the use of these devices that makes the story so humorous from beginning to end. The theme of appearance is used to show the burlesque role of chivalry in the story. The material appearance of Don Quixote and his horse Rocinante, as well as Don Quixote’s vision on the banal places he stumbles upon proceeded to generate the foundation for laughter. The fact that Don Quixote had used cardboard as a visor showed in itself the humor from the description of his appearance. Not only did he use cardboard, he held his helmet together by green ribbons, and when the innkeeper had asked him to take his helmet off he said no, because taking it off would make the helmet fall apart. How to cite The Comedy in Chivalry, Papers

Court Case Dartmouth College vs. Woodward free essay sample

John Marshall believed the united States needed a strong national government. In your essay describe three specific events in John Marshals life and explain why those episodes convinced him that the United States needed a strong national government. In the second part of your essay describe the significant issues of three specific decisions by the Marshall Court and then explain how each case strengthened the national government? Court Cases: Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) by forbidding the state legislature to alter the college charter, established the principle that charters were contracts which could not be impaired.Barron V Baltimore: Facts of the Case In 1 816, the New Hampshire legislature attempted to change Dartmouth College a privately funded institution-?into a state university. The legislature changed the school s corporate charter by transferring the control of trustee appointments to the governor. In an attempt to regain authority over the resources of Dartmouth College, the old trustees filed suit against William H. We will write a custom essay sample on Court Case: Dartmouth College vs. Woodward or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Woodward, who sided with the new appointees. Question Did the New Hampshire legislature unconstitutionally interfere with Dartmouth Colleges rights under the Contract Clause?Conclusion Decision: 5 votes for Dartmouth College, 1 vote(s) against Legal provision: US Cons. Art 1, Section 10 In a 6;to-1 decision, the Court held that the Colleges corporate charter qualified as a contract between private parties, with which the legislature could not interfere. The fact that the government had commissioned the charter did not transform the school into a civil institution. Chief Justice Marshals opinion emphasized that the term contract referred to transactions involving individual property rights, not to the political relations between the government and its citizens. The Supreme Court decided that the Bill of Rights, specifically the Fifth Amendments guarantee that government takings of private property for public use require just compensation, are restrictions on the federal government alone. Writing for a unanimous court, Chief Justice John Marshall held that the first ten amendments contain no expression indicating an intention to apply them to the State governments. This court cannot so apply them. Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U. S. 243, 250. To demonstrate that Constitutional limits did not apply to States unless expressly stated,Marshall used the example of Article l, Sections 9 and 10: The third clause (of Section 9), for example, declares that no bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No language can be more general; yet the demonstration is complete that it applies solely to the government of the United States The succeeding section, the avowed purpose of which is to restrain state legislation Declares that no state shall pass any bill of attainder or ex post facto law. This provision, then, of the ninth section, however comprehensive its language, contains no restriction on state legislation.The case was particularly important in terms of American government because it stated that the freedoms guaranteed by the Bill of Rights did not restrict the state governments. Later Supreme Court rulings would reaffirm this ruling of Barron, most notably United States v. Cruickshank, 92 U. S. 542 (1876). However, beginning in the early 20th century, the Supreme Court has used the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (interpreted, however, to have the same meaning as the 5th amendment) to apply most of the Bill of Rights to the states through the process and doctrine of selective incorporation.Therefore, as to most, but not all, provisions of the Bill of Rights, Barron and its progeny have been circumvented, if not actually overruled. Mortuary. Madison Mammary v. Madison (1803) was the first important case before Marshals Court. In that case, the Supreme Court invalidated a provision of the Judiciary Act of 1 789 on the grounds that it violated the Constitution by attempting to expand the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Aneurysms the first and only case in which the Marshall Court ruled an act of Congress unconstitutional, and thereby reinforced the doctrine of judicial review. Thus, although the Court indicated that the Jefferson administration was violating another law, the Court said it could not do anything about it due to its own lack of jurisdiction. President Thomas Jefferson took the position that the Court could not give him a mandamus (I. E. An order) even if the Court had jurisdiction: In the case of Mammary and Madison, the federal judges declared that commissions, signed and sealed by the President, were valid, although not delivered.I deemed delivery essential to complete a deed, which, as long as it remains in the hands of the party, is as yet no deed, it is in Jose only, but not in sees, and I withheld delivery of the commissions. They cannot issue a mandamus to the President or legislature, or to any of their officers. [46] I I More generally, Jefferson lamented that allowing the Constitution to mean whatever the Court says it means would make the Constitution a mere thing of wax in the hands of the judiciary, which they may twist and sha pe into any form they Because Mammary v. Madison decided that a jurisdictional statute passed by Congress was unconstitutional, that was technically a victory for the Jefferson administration (so it could not easily complain). Ironically what was unconstitutional was Congress granting a certain power to the Supreme Court itself. The case allowed Marshall to proclaim the doctrine of judicial review, which reserves to the Supreme Court final authority to judge whether or not actions of the president or of the congress are within the powers granted to them by the Constitution.The Constitution itself is the supreme law, and when the Court believes that a specific law or action is in violation of it, the Court must uphold the Constitution and set aside that other law or action, assuming that a party has standing to properly invoke the Courts jurisdiction. Chief Justice Marshall famously put the matter this way: I It is emphatically the province and duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is. Those who apply the rule to particular cases must, of necessity, expound and interpret that rule.If two laws conflict with each other, the Courts must decide on the operation of each. I The Constitution does not explicitly give judicial review to the Court, and Jefferson was very angry with Marshals position, for he wanted the President to decide whether his acts ere constitutional or not. Historians mostly agree that the framers of the Constitution did plan for the Supreme Court to have some sort of judicial review; what Marshall did Was make operational their goals. 47] Judicial review was not new and Marshall himself mentioned it in the Virginia ratifying convention of 1788. Marshals opinion expressed and fixed in the American tradition and legal system a more basic theory-?government under law. That is, judicial review means a government in which no person (not even the President) and no institution (not even Congress or the Supreme Court itself), or even a majority of voters, may freely work their will in violation of the written Constitution.

Microeconomic and Tourism Essay Example

Microeconomic and Tourism Essay Microeconomic and Tourism I. Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. II. The significance of tourism to economic. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ III. The impact of tourism on local society. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ IV. The effects of tourism on microeconomics†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. V. UAE as an example for the subject. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. VI. Clusters and competitiveness of the UAE. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. VII. Conclusion. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ VIII. List of figures. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ IX. References. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ List of Figures: * Figure 1: Determinants Of Competitiveness. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. * Figure 2: Determinants of Competitiveness (Sophistication of Company . Operations and Strategy). †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. * Figure 3: Determinants Of Competitiveness (Quality of The National Business . Environment). †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. * Figure 4: Quality Of The National Business Environment)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Figure 5: The Dubai Logistics Clusters Map†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. * Figure 6: Dubai Tourism Cluster Map†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Tourism is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the world especially in the developing countries. Some countries consider tourism as a source of income and government revenues in addition to agriculture and industry or even oil and gas products. This report describes the important and major role tourism plays in the macroeconomic and microeconomic of some countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomic and Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomic and Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomic and Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This report also gives a brief account about tourism and microeconomics in the UAE, and the plans which include strategic objectives to closely connect tourism with micro businesses, demand, supply and local services as well as recreational facilities. Many countries, especially some developing countries like Caribbean countries, Kenya, Tunisia, Indonesia, Thailand and Egypt have tourism as the main income for local development, foreign currency, and poverty reduction and for economic growth. They invest on tourism considering it as their major industry. They ave it as a remedy for local economic development and to solve problems like unemployment. In this way they generate higher income for the local economic circuit, for individuals like taxi drivers, storeowners etc. , and for hotels, restaurants and local firms To attract tourists such countries build the required infrastructure like hotels, resorts, communication, roads, parks and other recreational facilities, which in turn aff ects demand and supply of many commodities. Moreover, â€Å"Community support is important for tourism, as it is an activity that affects the entire community. Tourism businesses depend extensively on each other as well as on other businesses, government and residents of the local community. Economic benefits and costs of tourism reach everyone in the region in one way or another. † In countries that depend on tourism as number one industry, tourism economy affects their, policy, strategic decisions and planning as it may reflect on the whole of its community and microeconomic. In addition to the plans for building the suitable infrastructure, they have to conduct economic impact studies, analysis and assessment to support decisions related to tourism. They have to know the contribution of tourism to the economy of the country, the government income from taxes and fees and whether the revenues of tourism will cover the cost of services in addition to making sufficient profits. They also have to conduct environmental impact assessment in order to know the effects on social, cultural, microeconomic, biological, physical, and ecological systems. Tourism microeconomic impact studies are vital for countries which depend on tourism industry as the main income. The studies and analysis will answer many questions that affect policies, planning and strategic decision making as well as actions to encourage tourism activity. The results of the studies include the amounts of money tourists spend, the portion of sales by local businesses, the income tourism generates for households and micro businesses, the jobs tourism support and taxes that are generated by tourism. It is worth mentioning that not only poor countries pay attention to the importance of tourism. There are some rich countries that care about tourism. United Arab Emirates is a good example. Although they have sufficient revenues from oil and gas exports but at the same time they have long term plans to promote tourism. They â€Å"made significant investments to diversify beyond oil production and enhance the quality of its business environment. † There are â€Å"numerous world-class development projects throughout the UAE especially in Abu Dhabi and Dubai – from new luxury hotels, resorts, leisure attractions and shopping malls, to low, mid and high-income residential communities – that dramatically attracts visitors. For example in Abu Dhabi â€Å"Saadiyat Island is undergoing remarkable transformation that will become a world-class leisure, residential, business and cultural hub. Saadiyat Island’s Cultural District will house the world’s largest single concentration of premier cultural assets, including the Lord Norman Foster-designed Zayed National Museum, the Louvre Abu Dhabi and Frank Gehr y-conceived Guggenheim Abu Dhabi. A performing arts centre and a maritime museum will add to the portfolio of leading cultural institutions. There will be also Manarat Al Saadiyat, Monte Carlo Beach Club, Mesopotamia exhibition, Beach Golf Club, Zayed National Museum. Another interesting and entertaining place is Yas Island which includes Marina Circuit, Yacht Club, Abu Dhabi Grand Prix, Ferrari World Abu Dhabi and many more interesting places. Such projects enhance the microeconomic in UAE. Moreover, in Dubai there are many projects that attract visitors which in turn encourage tourism and increase expenditure. The following figures and facts show the microeconomic competitiveness of the UAE and Dubai logistic and tourism cluster maps. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Clusters in the UAE Remarks: †¢ Cluster developments include all emirates while the efforts that are made by each Emirate are not the same. The main efforts are made by Abu Dhabi and Dubai. †¢ The present UAE’s clusters support the infrastructure investments, and the attraction of outside companies and foreign manpower. †¢ In spite of the remarkable efforts made by the experts and the departments of UAE overnment, the success in making clusters is still not comprehensive, but The UAE is still better in cluster-based economic variations than some other oil-dependent economies. †¢ The building of better, more developed and sustainable clusters is still important for UAE government. Competitiveness in the Regions †¢ Economic performance of each country is deferent. †¢ Local policie s and investments may help all countries in the region make much more efforts in competitiveness. †¢ To improve competitiveness there should be more coordination and cooperation among the individual Emirates and other GCC countries. â€Å"Different emirates have developed their own economic strategies, e. g. , Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 2030 and Dubai Strategic Plan 2015† Figure 6 Dubai Tourism Cluster Map Finally, it is true that tourism has some disadvantages with regards to demand and supply, prices, environmental pollution, cultural and traditional lifestyle degradation, but in our opinion tourism is and will remain a source of profit and has many more advantages especially to microeconomic growth and in creating different levels of employment for people as well as a source of profit to individual and firms business. References: http://www. tandfonline. com/doi/abs/10. 1080/00220389808422535#preview https://www. msu. edu/course/prr/840/econimpact/pdf/ecimpvol1. pdf http://www. propoortourism. org. uk/Publications%20by%20partnership/Tourism%20and%20Local%20Development. pdf http://www. allfreeessays. com/topics/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-tourism/0 http://www. visitabudhabi. ae/en/abudhbi. tomorrow. aspx http://www. isc. hbs. edu/pdf/2010-0124_UAE_SessionTWO. pdf http://www. scribd. com/doc/25183529/United-Arab-Emirates-Country-Analysis

Free Essays on Parent And Ed.

Today’s world is a busy place. Most households consist of both parents working or single parents, leading to many kids to come home to an empty house. With everybody running around busy, do parents still have time to be involved with their children’s education? Parental involvement can be crucial to children’s success in schools. As a future teacher I think that it is important for parents to be invovled in their child’s education. Are schools responsible for making sure that parents are involved in their child’s education? Research indicates that for parent involvement to flourish it must be meaningful and integrated with schools programs. This way they can get stuff out of it too. Joyce Epstein feels that there are six types f programs schools may use to help parent involvement. A few examples are: Schools assist families worth parenting and child-rearing skills. This helps parents become better, more involved parents leading better students. Another example of ways schools can help involve parents beyond the basic parent teacher conference or PTA meetings is by working to improve recruitment training and schedules to involve families in school activities at home. Some schools are trying to make their schools the center of community life by providing health facilities, continuing education classes, weekend activities, and providing other services on site. I personally feel that parental involvement is very important. First of all it shows that your parents care. School is a huge part of your life and if your parents show no interest in your education it seems like they don’t care as much as parents who do get involved. Parental involvement is especially important in their younger years. I volunteered in a first grade class my senior year in high school. I did a lot of one on one with the kids, I could always tell the kids whose parents didn’t take the time to work with their kids at home. They often st... Free Essays on Parent And Ed. Free Essays on Parent And Ed. Today’s world is a busy place. Most households consist of both parents working or single parents, leading to many kids to come home to an empty house. With everybody running around busy, do parents still have time to be involved with their children’s education? Parental involvement can be crucial to children’s success in schools. As a future teacher I think that it is important for parents to be invovled in their child’s education. Are schools responsible for making sure that parents are involved in their child’s education? Research indicates that for parent involvement to flourish it must be meaningful and integrated with schools programs. This way they can get stuff out of it too. Joyce Epstein feels that there are six types f programs schools may use to help parent involvement. A few examples are: Schools assist families worth parenting and child-rearing skills. This helps parents become better, more involved parents leading better students. Another example of ways schools can help involve parents beyond the basic parent teacher conference or PTA meetings is by working to improve recruitment training and schedules to involve families in school activities at home. Some schools are trying to make their schools the center of community life by providing health facilities, continuing education classes, weekend activities, and providing other services on site. I personally feel that parental involvement is very important. First of all it shows that your parents care. School is a huge part of your life and if your parents show no interest in your education it seems like they don’t care as much as parents who do get involved. Parental involvement is especially important in their younger years. I volunteered in a first grade class my senior year in high school. I did a lot of one on one with the kids, I could always tell the kids whose parents didn’t take the time to work with their kids at home. They often st...

Land law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Land law - Essay Example If the court issues an order to seize the property of the debtor after the judgment, it is called writ of execution. It must be noted that attachment is a prejudgment remedy either at the time of a lawsuit or immediately after it is filed. However, the final decision is taken by the court. The United Kingdom does not have unique or singular law regarding bankruptcy. England and Wales follow same system whereas Northern Ireland and Scotland have another system of their own. If the given scenario is related to Scotland or Northern Ireland, and if the property is the home owned by Bill, then the section 40 of the 1985 Act will be applicable to the case. Instead, if the system of Wales and Ireland is applicable to the context, Alan will have to rely on the Part IX of the Insolvency Act 1986. At this juncture (as the jurisdiction is not specified) the system of Northern Ireland and Scotland is taken for case analysis. The section 40 of the 1985 Act protects the interests of the debtorâ₠¬â„¢s (here Bill) family and prevents the creditor (here Alan) from selling the debtor’s ‘family home’ without either ‘relevant consent’ or a court order. ... esent or former spouse or civil partner without the debtor, or by the debtor without a spouse or civil partner but with a child of the family† (Insolvency - personal and corporate, n.d.). Hence, if Bill’s property is the family home, Alan needs to comply with the section 40. This section clearly states how the consent can be obtained for the proceeding of the sequestration of a family home. Referring to section 40, if Bill’s spouse, civil partner, or former spouse or civil partner lives in the home (with or without the debtor), it is necessary to obtain the consent of the spouse of civil partner to proceed with the sequestration (Insolvency - personal and corporate). If the debtor lives in the home with a child but without a spouse or civil partner, then the ‘relevant consent’ can be obtained from the debtor. If the ‘relevant consent’ is not obtained from the parties concerned, Alan has to obtain a court order to attach the property of Bi ll (ibid). In this case, it is advisable for Alan to obtain a court order because other options may not be so sensible. B. the property is a tenanted office block Under this case, attachment of property will be a difficult task if the agreement between Bill and the tenant was formed before the agreement made between Alan and Bill. It is the duty of the creditor to make certain that the security offered for the borrowing is free from any liability arising out of issues like tenancy. Hence, if Bill’s office block was tenanted at the time of the agreement between Alan and Bill, Alan cannot attach the property of Bill unless the tenant is willing to vacate the office block. On the other hand, if Bill’s office block was tenanted after the agreement between Bill and Alan was made, Alan may get a court order for the

Success Strategies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Success Strategies - Case Study Example The structure of the organization revolves around the entrepreneur who started the business. He is the manager of the plant. From his managing mandate, the organization has several departmental heads. They consist of the operations manager, finance, manager and the human resource. The organization has a limited staff working from the premises since it does not conduct many inside operations. The majority of a human resource consists of the drivers and packages. In the structure, the manager has the final say in all decisions made by the department heads. The other menial staff consists of cleaners and record keepers. The strategies embraced by the organization revolve around increasing the customers who take up transportation services. The competitor issue is also on the top subject to strategize on. The strategy of the organization is based on satisfying the needs of its target market. On satisfying the customers, offers and packages options are also given. Offers include giving monthly packages for individuals using cab services. Apart from customer satisfaction the company also gives etiquette lessons to its taxi and cab operators. This increases the customer staff relation which in turn leads to customers having confidence in the organization. The strategy works in the organization’s favor since the number of customers has been increasing at the start of every financial year. In another strategy, the organization aims at dealing more in providing services based on long-term contracts.

Organisation Management System Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Organisation Management System - Coursework Example tain sustainability in the changing global environment through the implementation of efficient strategies aimed at minimizing the different environmental impacts of the operations, especially in the Siberian region. The major production operations of the company are concentrated in the Siberian and the Yamal peninsular region where the environmental hazards are gaining much focus from the environmentalists and other experts in the field. The oil and gas drilling and production activities are known to drive major climatic changes in the Yamal and Siberian regions. Therefore, the company has been forced to implement an effective environment management system (EMS) to comply with the different environmental regulatory policies and benchmarks set by the governments and the international authorities. Since the Russian government owns major stakes in the company, it concentrates on boosting the sustainability of the company by mitigating the environmental impacts of the operations of the o il and gas giant. Gazprom uses a variety of techniques in order to measure, control and monitor the different environmental impacts of the activities of the organization. The company has recognized the increasing importance of investing sufficient capital in the clean energy projects that are incorporated across the globe. The company has started to become engaged in the different CDM projects being launched with an aim to improve the environmental conditions in the least developed regions of the world. The company has started to work on various programmatic projects in the perspective of measuring and controlling the various environmental impacts of its operations. One of the measures taken to control and monitor the environmental impacts has been the active partnerships created by the company with the local NGOs in the different regions of the world. This helps the company to meet the different political and regulatory risks associated with each of the regions. The company has

Effect of Policy on the UK Commercial Property Sector

Effect of Policy on the UK Commercial Property Sector This research project intends to assess and critically analyse what the impact, whether positive or negative. The Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007, has had on the commercial property sector from the standpoint of both the landlords and the tenants. It is designed, using primary research to aid the Government in assessing the level of success the Code has had and whether legislation is required to further enforce the protection of small business tenants. It is an interesting topic as the Government has sought to promote greater choice and flexibility in the property and leasing market for some time, but has been unsuccessful, also due to the fact that there are still very few reviews on the topic. The research, undertaken in July 2009 involves an investigation into leasing practice by small business tenants and their landlords, accompanied by secondary research. Structure of the Dissertation: Chapter 1: Introduction to the subject matter; containing the hypothesis, as well as the goals and objectives of the research. Chapter 2: Literature Review; sets out to critically analyse the current literature published on the subject and understand currently established views on the topic. A gap in the knowledge is also identified in the existing published literature. Chapter 3: Research Methodology; provides the methods and an explanation of them, that were used for primary and secondary research in this dissertation. Chapter 4:Research and Analysis; questionnaires and surveys presented in tables and graphs along with their analysis. Interviews unable to be quantified are scrutinized and compared in full. Chapter 5: Conclusion; compares the research with the hypothesis. Deducing its limitations and reliability, as well as whom these conclusions will impact, and any potential additional research that could be carried out. Hypothesis: The introduction of The Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007 has had no influence upon small business properties and their tenants and as a result was unjustifiable. Context and Background information: The Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007 was launched by Yvette Cooper, then Minister for Housing and Planning, on the 28th of March 2007. It set out some key recommendations to those taking or granting new or renewed leases. The code itself comprises of three sections: For the Landlord; a 10 point requirement guide in order for their lease to be compliant. For the Tenant; an explanation of the terms and 37 specific tips. A Model Heads of Terms, made available online. The Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007 is the result of collaboration between commercial property professionals and industry bodies representing both owners (Landlords) and occupiers (Tenants). These include such members as the Association of British Insurers, the British council for offices, the British Property Federation (BPF), the British Retail Consortium, the Federation of small Businesses, The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS), The Law Society of England and Wales, and the Department for Communities and Local Government. It replaced the previous embodiment of the Code, published in April 2002. The Code is voluntary so occupiers should be aware that not all Landlords will choose to offer Code-compliant leases. The Government has felt the need to promote the Code with a continual threat of legislation if it is not adopted this time by the property industry. However the Government takes a keen interest in ensuring the property industry complies with this voluntary Code. Larger business operators are expected to conform to the Code as they have the resources to employ property professionals to act on their behalf. The Code appears to be more aimed at small business tenants seeking to offer guidelines, promoting fairness in commercial leases and aiming to protect small businesses, by ensuring they have the information available to negotiate the most suitable deal. Goals and objectives: Objective One: To investigate small business tenants. A number of questions will be put forward in order to gain information into areas such as, lease terms, tenant satisfaction, and tenant awareness of The Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007. Objective Two: To investigate landlords, how they operate with regard to small business tenants, and what is their view is on The Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007. Objective Three: To gain extensive knowledge into the views of the Chartered Surveyors of The Code, and how The Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007 affects their decisions when advising a client. Objective Four: To assess the primary research gained in objectives One, Two and Three, and discover how, or if decisions made by a chartered surveyor could indirectly affect a small business tenant. Ultimately the aim of this research is to establish that the introduction of The Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007 has had no influence upon small business properties and their tenants and as a result was unjustifiable. While the existing literature discusses the changes in the relatively new Code, there is little information regarding its actual impact upon the industry. Due to the little research done on the new 2007 lease code, this document is intended to gain background information and research on lease practice in the UK, using the Island of Portsea and surrounding areas to determine the amount of business properties and their tenants that have been affected. The only published document comparable to this research is applied to the previous 2002 code and is therefore now outdated. By gathering data using interviews, questionnaires, and exploring further information written on the topic in journals and articles, my aim is to gather sufficient evidence to establish whether my hypothesis is true or false. It is hoped that the research methodology set out in chapter three is adequate enough so as to create valuable research, which until now has not been documented. Chapter 2.Literature Review: Introduction A literature review sets out to critically analyse the current literature published on the subject and understand currently established views on the topic. Secondary research also provides direction to the primary research helping to identify further any unanswered questions. In order to understand the subject, one must first acquire an understanding of the historical nature of business leases in the UK, and why there appears to be a need for market intervention through lease codes. Lease Structure within the UK and its progression. Historical Lease Length: For the purpose of this dissertation, it is necessary to understand the historical nature of a business lease, how they are changing, and what normality in the current marketplace is. The institutional lease also known as the 25 year FRI (full repairing and insuring) lease with upward only rent reviews was standard issue through the 1970s and 1980s. The introduction of more volatile economic conditions led to a change as the longevity of the leases was deemed unrealistic (Lizieri, C., Gibson, V., Crosby, N., Ward, C., 1998). This type of lease has also been described as the backbone of property investment (Hamilton, M. Cheng Lim, L. McCluskey, W., 2006). Whilst the economic climate began to recover in 1995, the expectation would have been that a recovery in the economy and the property market would precipitate a return to the bargaining strengths of landlords and tenants prior to the recession and a return to the terms of occupation which prevailed at that time (Hamilton, M. Cheng Lim, L. McCluskey, W., 2006). However there was a contrasting view to this expectation and a number of reasons are given (Crosby, N., Gibson, V., Murdoch, S., 2002). Firstly, tenants who, after being introduced to more flexible terms were unwilling to return to the institutional lease. Secondly, new accounts procedures forced tenants to show leases on their balance sheet as a liability and therefore highlighted the fact that longer leases financially burdened the tenant in many cases. Research was conducted in 2006 that showed that occupiers are still shifting toward shorter leases in order to prevent themselves from being overexposed to risk. Shorter leases tend to meet the needs of occupiers functioning in a rapidly changing economic environment (Hamilton, M. Cheng Lim, L. McCluskey, W., 2006). 10.93 years was found to be the average lease length from January 2001 to March 2004, among 106 office leases taken in Birmingham, London, Manchester and Belfast. This would appear to prove a large departure from the institutional lease. However, this research does have its limitations. It remains unclear how large the offices used for the survey are. Larger offices are more likely to have tenants that require longer leases, mainly to justify for writing off fit-out and relocation costs (Dickenson, March 2007). If this is applied to this dissertation for example, the focus of the Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007 is upon small business properties and their tenants who are unlikely to have large fit-out costs. Upwards-Only Rent Reviews (UORRs): The UORR is A clause in a lease wherein at a defined given point a rent review will occur. When this arises the rent will either be fixed at either the current rent passing or the open market value, whichever is the highest. As a lease becomes shorter in length, any fluctuations in market conditions are less likely to affect corporate liability. Therefore the lease rent review clauses become increasingly insignificant. A survey conducted in June 2005 by the ODPM (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister) came to conclusion that they had strongly polarised views about whether or not the Government should legislate against UORRs. (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, June 2005) The government has been considering a ban on UORRs for some time but has still not felt the need to act. A further survey conducted in 2007 by GVA Grimley and the CBI focused on the opinions of corporate tenants. The survey returned only a small majority (57%) in favour of banning them (Cooke, July 2007). Cooke conti nues to comment that firstly this is not a large enough majority to consider a ban, and secondly, the size and sector spread of the survey was significant and there is a recommendation of further research. Any moves to remove UORRs will have a major effect on the security as property as an investment. Cookes view is that as any legislation is unlikely to be retrospective, and therefore a two stage system will be in place, corporate occupiers would not reap any benefit for some time. (Cooke, July 2007). Contingent Liability: There was a strong vote in favour of removing contingent liability, with 83% voting for its abolition (Cooke, July 2007). This high figure suggests that many business occupiers are despondent with their current leases; however they are not forced to sign a lease with this agreement and as the research shows tenants are aware of the liability but appear to do nothing about it. It should be noted that the size of corporate tenants questioned in the research conducted by GVA Grimley is unknown and therefore may offer a poor sample of information for what is required in my research. The Code is positioned to aid smaller tenants who often are unable to afford professional property services. Cooke describes his opinion that corporate occupiers regard it as inequitable that, having assigned a lease to a third party and having received the landlords approval to the transaction, they are required to step back in because of the failure of the assignee several years later. (Cooke, July 2007) If this is a commonplace problem in the market, then this certainly gives good grounds for a new code. 2002 Code of Practice for Commercial Leases (E2): The second edition of the Code of Practice for Leases in England and Wales was published in 2002. Philip Freedman, one of the co-contributors to the 2007 code commented that Although it was felt there had been a significant move toward shorter leases, and lease terms had become more flexible, small business tenants were still poorly informed about property matters and landlords were not offering tenants sufficiently flexible lease terms to match their business needs(Freedman, 2006). Freedman continues to mention that the government was unsatisfied with the continued prominence of upward only rent reviews (UORRs) in longer leases, and was considering outlawing them. The Code introduced in 2002 was very different from its predecessor from 1995 that it replaced. There were no objectives or aims set out in the Code, instead, ten key recommendations to business leases were listed. The first three were to promote open negotiation between parties, and to recommend financial advice on costs of occupation. The other seven points cover particular aspects of a commercial lease (Neil Crosby et al. (2005). The paper Monitoring the 2002 Code of Practice for Commercial Leases, co-written by Neil Crosby at Reading University for the UK government was designed to measure in detail the impact of the 2002 Code. It is similar to my piece of research, although it is now outdated and obsolete for professional consultation. It does however show key research that provides evidence that the 2002 Code was unsuccessful and therefore required change. An interview survey was carried out with an extensive number of chartered surveyors, and also with solicitors involved with conveyance and lease contract negotiation. The perception of property professionals acting for clients in 2005 was noted as follows. Firstly, virtually all interviewees were aware of the 2002 code. Secondly it is clear that larger and institutional landlords are more likely to have knowledge of the code and smaller landlords may not. Thirdly, tenants are perceived to have no knowledge of the code unless they are large tenants with direct access to professional property services advice. The conclusion is that Most consider that the Code is having no influence at all on lease negotiations, although some of the agent interviewees regard it as having some small, indirect, influence. Only two interviewees, one surveyor and one solicitor, are actively and regularly using the Code when negotiating on behalf of tenants. The paper concludes that there is the perception among large commercial tenants that the lease structure system is unsatisfactory in the UK, even if they are unaware of the Code. International tenants appear to be more dissatisfied than their UK counterparts. The main reasons cited for dissatisfaction are the lease lengths, and the tenants lack of break clauses. The research methods used in this paper hold credit as the results were a catalyst for a code reform. It is highlighted that the Code is underperforming, and holds no or very little influence. The paper has been useful in developing my hypothesis as it gives a benchmark for success for the 2007 Code. The Last Chance to Get Things Right: The article titled the last chance to get things right written by Philip Freedman, comments on the shortcomings of the 2002 Code and gives specific direction as to changes that should be implemented in the new Code. The shortcomings are extremely valuable to my research because it shows direct areas in which the 2002 Code has been considered to fail and these areas should be focused upon when analysing the level of success of the 2007 Code. Firstly, Freedman sights that restrictions on subletting and assignments have not been relaxed in accordance with the Code. Landlords, familiar with the landlord and tenant act 1995, had in recent years been imposing detailed restrictions on assignments, most notable with the introduction of required authorised guarantee agreements (AGAs). Tenants under such agreements are limited in their possibilities for assignment as it is difficult to find a sufficient tenant. Furthermore, the liability still remains in an event that an assignee defaults on the lease payments. His views are backed up by the research by the 2005 report conducted at Reading University. This research found that most leases that had the option for assignment automatically required the tenant to enter into an AGA. Secondly, between the period of 2002 and 2005, the courts upheld a number of landlords rights to impose strict enforcement on lease clauses that require subletting to conform to specific requirements on rent or other terms(Freedman,2006). Freedman sights the case Allied Dunbar Assurance PLC V Homebase LTD [2002]. This would suggest that the courts are not working in unison with the views held by the Government that businesses require further protection from landlords. Freedman concludes, indicating that this is the last chance for the industry. A study into whether the new Code has influence or not would seem wholly relevant as it would provide knowledge on whether this last chance has been successful or not. Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007: After Yvette Cooper introduced the Code in March 2007, Geoff Le Pard considered the contents of the new Code. The new Code is more concise than the 2002 version. It is written in plain English and provides more authoritative guidance on lease terms (Le Pard (2007). The article, from which the quote above is taken, was released 3 days after the Code was introduced. While this is time to provide commentary on the new aspects of the Code, it is unable to provide any reliable prediction as to how this will affect the market in the long run. New aspects of interest that are assessed include firstly pricing options and rent reviews. Under the 2007 Code, landlords must state whether a choice of lease terms is available and propose rents for different lease terms (Le Pard (2007). Secondly, restrictions on assignment are discussed. One of the governments principle concerns is the inflexible assignment and subletting provisions in leases (Le Pard (2007). The article continues by commenting that the Code only allows the provision of an AGA agreement, established problem of the 2002 Code, when the assigned tenant is of a lower financial standing than the outgoing tenant. Thirdly Le Pard comments that the new Code insists Break Clauses should not be prevented by conditions that effectively make the break inoperable (Le Pard (2007). Certainly the three features of the 2007 Code that are described by Geoff Le Pard can be tested using primary research as to their influence. A Code that Lacks Strength: The reach of the new commercial lease code will be limited by the ability of landlords to opt out selectively (Martin, 2007). In this article, John Martin explains that the government and BPF believe that landlords who subscribe to the Commercial Landlords Accreditation Scheme (CLAS) will gain marketing benefits. Part of the scheme involves the landlords abiding by the 2007 commercial lease code (landlord code). If rules are broken then private and public reprimand can occur however, the landlord code value is watered down in the fact that landlords can opt out of any specific requirements of the Code (subject to explanation). The extent to which landlords sign to the CLAS is not described, however is supports the view that landlords do not want to adopt the Code. Martin also has an interesting view that the new guidance on assignments appears to be an attempt to revert to the pre-1996 position, without re-instating the concept of privity of contract (Martin 2007). The article is however written with an assumption that the Code will be endorsed by property professional and therefore will spread throughout the market quickly. Gap in the Knowledge: As previously mentioned, there is a wealth of information published commenting on the Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007. What is unknown is the influence this code is having on the industry if at all. Considering the Code is thought to be the last chance for reform prior to legislation, its performance should be reviewed to show whether legislation is necessary or not. After reviewing the literature in this chapter, a conclusion has been drawn that the Code is unnecessary. There is not sufficient research to prove this and there is therefore a gap in the knowledge. The next chapter sets out the methods in which the hypothesis in Chapter 1 will be tested. Introduction: This research was designed to test this hypothesis; The introduction of The Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007 has improved the position of a tenant when negotiating a new lease. This chapter discusses the research methods applied and ultimately lead to a comprehensive conclusion that will either reject or confirm the hypothesis. Research Methods: Traditionally, there are two different types of research. These are Quantitative research and qualitative research. Miles Huberman (1994). Quantitative Research: Quantitative Research is normally presented in Data, usually in the form of numbers and statistics. Theres no such thing as qualitative data. Everything is either 1 or 0 (Fred Kerlinger). The aim is to classify what statistics are important, count them and construct statistical models. One can then explain what is observed. Fred Kerlinger considers all research can be ultimately defined as quantitative as one could argue that all information can be displayed through binary (yes or no) questions and answers. Qualitative Research: Qualitative research is based upon alternatives to statistical data such as values and opinions. Donald Campbell holds the view that all research must stem from an initial qualitative theory. All research ultimately has a qualitative grounding (Donald Campbell) It can be extremely useful when there is little or no previous research on a topic, as it can unearth new views and theories on a subject. Donald Campbell considers all research stems from an initial qualitative study. Research Strategy: Secondary Research: This type of research relies on the information and research submitted by others. The advantages and disadvantages are shown in table 3.1 above. Before writing this report, many books, internet articles, journals magazine articles were consulted so a thorough understanding of the subject was known. It should be noted that as the Code in question, The Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007, was only introduced at the end of April in 2007 there is therefore limited published material on the subject. Literature Review: The literature used in Chapter 2 for the review is a form of secondary research, and while it shows the current knowledge on a topic, much of it is outdated and therefore unreliable. The literature review also highlighted the lack of material published regarding the lease codes in the UK. There are a number of magazine articles but there is only one academic report (Crosby et al. (2005)) that holds any significant value, but as stated it is outdated. Once the gap in the knowledge was identified from the literature review, it gave direction for a number of research questions to use in my primary research. Primary Research: This is research that compounds new information. The following two types of primary research were used by my study:- Small Business Tenant Questionnaire. Landlord Questionnaire. Semi-structured Interview with Chartered Surveyors. Tenant and Landlord Questionnaires: Target Audience: The first stage of primary research involved two separate questionnaire studies firstly to tenants, and secondly to landlords. The questions aimed at the subjects were influenced by the report from Reading University Monitoring the 2002 Code of Practice for Commercial Leases (Crosby et al. (2005)). Questions were asked with a final goal of contributing to the objectives and aims of the report and testing the validity of the hypothesis. The questionnaire provides an opportunity to understand the direct influence of the Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007 on tenants and landlords. Questionnaires were completed in either of two ways. It was established that it would be far easier to gain responses from landlords if it was via email and therefore this is how the 20 landlords were contacted and how they gave response. With regard to the tenant questionnaire, it was decided that a questionnaire would be delivered to a number of tenants. After two days, these would be collected and any uncompleted questionnaires would not be counted. A total of 30 business tenants were visited. Due to the data protection act, names of tenants or landlords remain anonymous and cover notes were addressed to the Manager. Sample: Due to the large number of tenants and landlords in England and Wales, it is necessary to sample the respondents. The sample method used is a form of random and cluster sampling combined. Normal cluster samples are used when the subject research matter is too large to measure. Normally certain areas would be subject to research instead of the whole country for example. Often in cluster sampling, the total population is divided into these groups (or clusters) and a sample of the groups is selected (Wikipedia, 2008). In my research, this was further randomised down into sample of particular clusters. Areas used for the research were Windsor, Bracknell and Reading. It was considered that 30 tenants and 12 landlords would be a sufficient sample to gain the required information without mak ng the research excessively impractical. Design and Content: Each of the two questionnaires were designed to be as clear as possible for the target individuals, and they also incorporate layman wording as to ensure each question is understood fully. The majority of questions asked utilised a multiple choice answer system. This enabled each paper to be completed with ease and also provide comparable data between different questionnaires. Copies of both Questionnaires including a covering letter for each questionnaire are included in Appendix B and C respectively. Pilot: It was felt necessary for a pilot copy of each questionnaire to be reviewed by a property professional prior to conduction of the survey. This was done for a number of reasons. Firstly the design of the questionnaire is reviewed to ensure it is easy to comprehend. Secondly, the wording is reviewed and changed if necessary. Thirdly organisation and the number of questions are reviewed. The pilot questionnaires were sent to a property professional Nigel Dight (Leslie G. Dight and Partners). It was decided after the pilot that a universal do you have any other comments to add, would be incorporated as a final question. This gives the opportunity for landlords or tenants in the subject research to add any qualitative information they feel important to the subject. Response Rate: Before each email was sent to landlords, a telephone call was made to ensure they were comfortable with the questionnaire. This ensured a high response rate. A covering letter (viewable in Appendix B) was also sent to emphasise the importance of the answers and how they help the research project. A response rate of 75% was achieved which was viewed as a success. A much lower response rate was expected from the tenant questionnaires; however, the 60% achieved was largely viewed as a success. It was expected to that ten respondents from each questionnaire would be achieved however this was exceeded. After this initial response it was decided therefore that no new respondents needed to be found as both questionnaires had exceeded response rate expectancy. Semi-structured Interview: Target Audience: Interviews were carried out with chartered surveyors who have extensive current and previous experience in both tenant and landlord representation during lease negotiations. It is important that each interviewee has experience of the market over the last twenty years in order to have a comprehensive view of how the market has changed, and how this has affected tenants. Appendix D gives a list of interview candidates. A semi-structured interview technique was used to gather information from chartered surveyors because they are likely to have a wealth of experience and knowledge on the topic. The interview provides the opportunity to show the indirect impact of the Code for Leasing Business Premises in England and Wales 2007 because, unlike the questionnaires, the interviewed surveyors are more likely to have a broader understanding of the mechanisms within the market. If the code is found to indirectly affect a business lease tenant, the surveyor is far more likely indicate this than the tenant themselves. Sample: Due to the large number of chartered surveyors in the UK it is not possible to interview them all. A random sample method is used to find suitable candidates for the interview process. It is also important the prospective candidates are vetted prior to the interview to ensure they have the relevant experience to answer the questions. Although only a small number of interviews took place, an attempt to provide a full spectrum of surveyors from the marketplace was achieved. One of the interviewees acts on behalf of large corporate clients, while another acts on behalf of smaller clients for example. It was viewed that only a small number of samples would be required as a predicted response rate was a high percentage. Design and Content: Appendix D includes a list of outline questions that should be posted to interviewees. Although only a guideline, these questions were designed to gain the core information required from the interview. In practice, further questions and discussions took place during the interview. Compared with the questionnaires, this provides further in depth answers and opinions. The estimated time of each interview was intended to be around 15 minutes. This was firstly conceived to be enough time to gain the required information. Secondly it was not so long as to discourage any prospective interviewees from taking part. In practice the interviews lasted for around 25 minutes, due to the expansion of the core questions, however this did not cause a problem. A full transcript of each interview can be viewed in appendix E. Two of the interviews were carried out via telephone interview as this provided the easiest was to lease with surveyors at some distance. One interview was carried out in person d ue to the close proximity of their office. The interview in person proved to be more successful as the interviewee seemed more focused on the questions. Response Rate: The response rate was 60% which was considered poor under the circumstances. A small number of surveyors were contacted with the initial view that all would provide an interview. The response rate did however fall between 60% and 100% which wa

feminaw Portrayal of Men in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay

The Portrayal of Men in The Awakening When Kate Chopin develops the male characters in her novel, The Awakening, she portrays men in a very objectionable light. For the most part, her men are possessive, cowardly and self-serving. She seems a trifle unfair and biased in her portrayal of men, yet this view is necessary for Chopin to get her point across. She uses the characters of Mr. Pontellier, Robert, Alcee and a few other men to demonstrate her observations of the middle class man in the society of her day. Firstly, Mr. Pontellier represents Kate Chopin's supposition that in society men objectify women. A wife is a man's property, he "looks at his wife as one looks at a valuable piece of property which has suffered some damage"(44) and his possession, "he greatly valued his possessions, chiefly because they were his"(99). Mr. Pontellier treats Edna like a child, commanding and demeaning her,"Send him about his business when he bores you,' instructed her husband"(45) while also scolding her "he reproached his wife with her inattention, her habitual neglect of the children"(48). At the same time, he requires that she play the role of his wife,"Tuesday being Mrs. Pontellier's reception day..attired in a handsome gown, she remained in the drawing-room the entire afternoon receiving her visitors"(100). Chopin also uses Pontellier to indicate that she conceives men as dominating, for example, on page 77 and 78, when Edna refuses to go inside, Mr. Pontellier joins her outside and waits until s he decides to go in. Chopin also shows Pontellier taking out his anger at Edna for going out on Tuesday afternoon, by complaining about the cook(108). Next,Alcee Arobin symbo... ... confidence to me, perhaps I might help you. I know I would understand, and I tell you there are not many who would--not many, my dear(171), "I don't want you to blame yourself, whatever comes"(172). Unfortunately, it is already to late, for when Edna returns and finds Robert's note, her grief can not be contained. After she swims out , she looks back and thinks "perhaps Doctor Mandelet would have understood if she had seen him--but it was too late"(176). Put simply, Kate Chopin uses The Awakening to exercise her observations of men in her society. In the present, it is hard to see her accusations as accurate since society has changed considerably. But regarding the time and setting of her story, Chopin's views are quite accurate and fair, although unappealing to the men who read her book, which eventually made her and The Awakening so unpopular.

American Judicial System

The American judiciary system was found on the adversarial model. In the United State of America, the constitution founders believed that the only best form of government was one that would promote the welfare of an individual such as one social class or a director. The middle class was favored as the most likely group to promote the common welfare because they had in mind that the rich and poor would mostly be concerned with promotion of their own interests. The founders of constitution also believed that the common welfare meant having total protection to each individual’s natural rights of property, life and liberty.They chose a form of government called the republican government (Vaughan, 2003, p. 1712-1862). Because England’s powers of government were balanced and divided among the king and the parliaments two houses (the commons and the House of Lords), this system was applicable. This is because it best exemplified republican government. Madison J. who was one of the United States Farmers had his own definition to the republic as a nation or country whose laws and policies are made and administered by some of representatives of the people.He recommended that those representatives should be elected by a large number of people but not a small class. In addition, he figured out that such a government would fully serve the society with no special consideration to particular groups. More so, apart from their nations of republican government, natural rights and common good the constitution founders wanted written laws that would clearly show the rights of all individuals and extent of the power in government. The American constitution sets forth the fundamental laws and rules showing how their government is operated and organized.Although most of the countries have both unwritten and written constitutions, the limited powers of the government by a constitution which must be obeyed by the government is the one that distinguishes a dictatorial gove rnment from a constitutional one. The contrast is perceived in that, the dictatorial government has unlimited powers over the government and its natural resources. It is very difficult for the citizens to force such kind of tyrannical rules to obey the law because the rules also control the nation’s defense force group like police and military.https://www. netsafa. navy. mil/ipg/judicial-process. htm In a government governed by a constitution, the laws set should show the basic rights of its citizens to their property, liberty and life. It states that the government should have a responsibility to guard such rights. It also has the government’s power limitations shows the extent to which citizen’s lives cannot be interfered with by the government. Also it includes the ways by which the nation can be changed through the consent of its citizens.The constitution farmers in America borrowed some ideas from the British model and came up with a series of balances and checks so as to have protection against power abuse by the government. To avoid domination of powers by one sector in the government, powers are given to quite different branches of government. The two main power branches in a constitution include; the executive branch which has the responsibility of enforcing the laws, and the legislative branch which is responsible for law making. This information centers on the judicial branch system in the United States government (Young, 54).Although all other nations have laws and rules governing people’s relationships with each other, and other kinds of rules which govern human relationships like the custom, religion and accepted morality, the American’s judicial system appears to be a bit complex. The complexity is with the courts at different levels like in state, Federal County and Municipal bodies. It is not easy to understand the interrelationships although there are laws which clarifies jurisdiction and assigns responsibil ities. According to the judicial foundation system, nobody and nothing in the country can stand outside the law or above the law.In the United States, the penalty for running a red light in vehicles is same to the general or admiral because it is made for a season or private. The brief in the primacy of the law is basic to the citizen’s way of life. The law becomes the ultimate arbiter while the courts are its major guardians. The actions of all other government branches must have consistency with the laws. With regardless of citizens’ official status, social position, religion, wealth or political creed, they are all subject to the law. This acts as one major goal for justice in America.The court ensures same law enforcement upon the powerless and the powerful. Due to this reason the courts and the law are said to be the fundamental guardians of equality life in United States. What is more important with American Judicial system is that, once an individual is accused of crime, he or she is regarded as to be innocent until when he is proved guilty in the courtroom. This implies that, the burden of proof is left to the prosecutor, the accused victim requires not prove his or her innocence (Young, 54). Once a person has been accused in law violation, the law insists that such an individual be tried by a jury.These juries are made up of just ordinary citizens who are chosen to serve temporarily in court to listen to the evidences in case where by they decide whether the accused is innocent or guilty. They are not official government. In United States, judiciary is a quite separate branch of government. Besides the fact that judicial system is subject to the same types of balances and checks as for the case in legislative and executive branches, it is not controlled by either of them it implies that, courts are not in any way influenced by the executive and legislative in their duties.Their courts are perceived to play an important role in their acti vities to shape the public policy. They are seen to provide judicial legal interpretations for both civil law and criminal law. More so, they shape legal policy through appeals and trials (Harper 1998). After adoption of the constitution in 1989, the federal and state courts have used the power in declaring an action at the executive branch or legislature as unconstitutional thus making them null and void. Generally, the American courts are no only important because of justice administration but also due to shaping public policy.According to many people it is perceived that American justice is very slow. Yes it is true that the dockets of court are very full but all these aims at fairness in justice. The judicial system of America is an integral system where by the people’s rights are protected against government interferences. Due to judicial system body being set as an independent body, it is true that justice is being administered in light of the court room work groups and assembly line justice.According to the citizens, this is a very good thing because there is no difference between poor and rich in the law administration. References Young, E. (2005). Institutional Settlement in a Globalizing Judicial System. Duke Law Journal 54. Harper J, (1998 June 7). Collections: Judicial Watch Keeps Stern Watch on Court’s System, Clinton. Religious Studies, Philosophy, History, Psychology, and Library. Vaughan, B. (2003). The Evolution of Louisiana's Judicial System. From Chaos to Continuity. 69, 1712-1862.

The Best Way To Practice SAT Reading

The Best Way To Practice SAT Reading SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Let’s get down to business, to defeat...the SAT Reading. How can you practice for the SAT Reading? Where can you find SAT Reading practice questions? Is it even possible to practice for the Reading section? Read on for the answers to these questions. feature image credit: Mulan by mickey, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. A Brief Breakdown of SAT Reading To start off, I’ll do a quick runthrough of the structure of SAT Reading. Feel free to skip over it to the Important Tips (â„ ¢) (not actually trademarked, unless I can trademark things just by typing the symbol, in which case I just trademarked that). The SAT Reading section consists of one 65 minute section with 52 passage-based (read the passage or paired passages, answer questions about it/them) multiple choice questions (each with four answer choices). In total, there are four long reading passages and one set of shorter paired passages. Read more about how the SAT is structured here, or find out more about the format of SAT Reading with our article about what’s actually on SAT Reading. Now that you have a better idea of what exactly is on SAT Reading, it's time to jump into tips for how to practice the SAT Reading section in the best way. SAT Reading Practice Tip 1: Use Official SAT Tests When you are practicing for the SAT, you must use actual SAT questions. Why? Because only official SAT questions will test you the same way the test does. Part of what is so tricky about the SAT is that it takes concepts everyone knows (since it's standardized, it has to stick to standard knowledge) and then asks about them in weird ways. Therefore, the best way to ensure you get used to the weird ways of questioning is to do actual SAT questions. As PrepScholar co-founder Allen Cheng has said, â€Å"If you train yourself on questions that don't reflect what's on the SAT, you're going to learn the wrong patterns.† So where do you find official tests? Well, for starters, we've compiled a complete list of all available free complete SAT tests. You can also buy our very own PrepScholar test prep platform, which integrates offical SAT practice tests as part of your personal study program. SAT Reading Practice Tip 2: Practice Under Realistic Conditions When you take the SAT, you’re going to have limited time, materials, and space to spread out (do not underestimate the effect of having to take a test on a tiny desk). You'll be taking the Reading section first, which means that you'll need to be smart about knowing how much effort you can put into the Reading section and conserve enough energy for the rest of the test. Bottom line: I recommend not only drilling reading questions and going through entire reading sections in isolation, but also taking least one full-length timed practice test so you can get used to making it through the whole test . Additionally, make sure to take at least one practice test at the same time of day you would be taking the actual SAT, so that you'll have a good idea of how tired you might be. If you're not a morning person, an 8 am test might mean you don't pay as much attention when reading a passage, especially as compared to studying and practicing Reading questions and passages in the afternoon after school/after work. SAT Reading Practice Tip 3: Review Your Mistakes Effectively The most important part of studying that many students skip over is effectively reviewing mistakes. Learning from your mistakes isn’t just a saying- it’s the single most useful tool for improving your test score. Yes, it’s tempting to just look at a question and go â€Å"oh, I made a stupid mistake† and just move on (I mean, what person wants to dwell on what she got wrong?). KLAXON! KLAXON! Failing to review your mistakes is the biggest mistake of all. To see real improvement in your score, you really need to get down into the nitty gritty of WHY you made the mistake. For instance, what kinds of questions do you struggle with? Do you tend to have problems with data graphic questions? Maybe you struggle when answering inference questions on passages (Line 42 primarily suggests that†¦), or finding the main point of a paragraph. Identifying the types of questions you struggle with most is necessary for creating the most helpful study plan- there's no point in wasting precious prep time practicing questions you already know how to answer. If your problems are with analyzing data graphics questions, you're in luck - we have an article on how best to tackle these questions on this very blog! Have problems with getting through the passage with enough time left to answer all the questions? Brush up your passage reading skills with our article on how best to read the passage on SAT Reading and learn how to stop running out of time. What about the kinds of mistakes you tend to make? Why did you make them? Don't just stop at surface explanations. Surface reason: Oh, I just ran out of time for this question because it was at the end of the section. I totally could have gotten it since it was asking about a detail that was really easy to find. This response is not helpful, because it doesn't make you learn from what you did wrong (and if you don't learn from your error, there's nothing to stop you from continuing to mess up). Nitty gritty: I ran out of time because I spent a solid minute reading and re-reading this one sentence that really confused me on my first skimming of the passage. How can I avoid this in the future? Make sure that I really only skim on my first read-through or read the questions first and do all the detail ones that don’t rely on having to read the whole passage. Here's another example of possible reactions to getting a question wrong: Surface reason: There were two answers that seemed like they were sort of right, and I went with the wrong one. Oh well. A good start, but WHY did you go with the wrong one? Go deeeeeeper. Nitty gritty: I didn’t read the question carefully enough to get what it was really asking. Because of this, when I went back to the passage I wasn’t able to eliminate three wrong answers. Next time, I will really focus on exactly what the question is asking and make sure I only answer the question based on the information in the passage, not based on my outside knowledge. For even more detailed advice and suggestions on how to make sure you review mistakes in a way that improves your score, read my article on that very topic. Action Plan #1: Get official tests to practice from. Learn the way the SAT asks you about concepts to avoid tripping up on questions you can answer. #2: Practice under realistic conditions. Don't neglect to do timed Reading sections as well as full-length practice tests, so you can get used to conserving your energy while still performing at a high level on Reading questions. #3: Mark questions you are unsure of when you are taking the test. This way, you’re not just reviewing questions you got wrong- you’re also reviewing questions you were shaky on. #4: Review your mistakes so you can pinpoint your higher level weaknesses and drill them. If there's a particular type of question you tend to mess up on, focus your studying on that skill type. #5: Do it all over again: never give up [your test prep], never surrender. 'Persistence" in the dictionary by uberof202 ff, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped from original. As you study, your weak areas may shift, so don’t hesitate to adapt your studying plan to fit your current skill level. For instance, if you had planned to spend a week studying each type of question, but find that after a couple of days you’ve already got the hang of answering questions that ask you to search for details in the passage, don’t waste your time spending five extra days on it- reallocate that time to an area that needs your attention more. For more guidance and suggestions that might work for you, try reading our article on how to improve your SAT Reading score and how to get a perfect on SAT Reading. What’s Next Want more tips on how to study for the SAT? Read our guide to improving your SAT score by 160+ points! Looking to target specific SAT Reading skills? Our ultimate guide to SAT Reading has a comprehensive list of articles targeting each specific Reading skill. What's actually tested on SAT Reading? Find out here! Interested in adding some tutoring to your test prep? PrepScholar Tutors might be right for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

MD Programs in the US

Complete List BA/MD and BS/MD Programs in the US SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you dream of becoming a doctor? If you’re set on going to medical school, then a combined BS/MD or BA/MD program might be for you. The majority of thesecombined programs allow motivated high school students to go right from undergraduate to medical school without having to go through another application process. While there aren’t a ton of spots available in combined programs, there are schools throughout the country that offer them. Before we look at those, however, let’s review what BA/MD and BS/MD programs entail, as well as the pros and cons for high school and young undergraduate applicants. What Are Combined BA/MD and BS/MD Programs? Combined programs allow students to earn a bachelor’s degree- either a Bachelor of Arts (BA) or a Bachelor of Science (BS)- and then proceed directly into a medical program for a Doctor of Medicine (MD). Since students are already accepted to medical school, they can forgo the typical medical school admissions process near the end of undergrad. Instead of applying separately to medical school, students just go through one major admissions process at the end of high school (or, occasionally, a condensed application process early in college). Programs that askstudents to apply after first getting admitted to the collegeare typically referred to as early assurance programs. Students in combined programs commit to a specific college and medical school or network of schools. This medical school is usually part of the same institution or a partner school in the same region or college network. For instance, the SUNY and University of Texas systems, along with the Eastern Virginia network, offer students various choices of medical schools among their connected or partner colleges. On the other hand, students in Boston University’s combined program would have to attend BU for both undergraduate and medical school. While combined programs offer students early assurance, some of them still require applicants to take and do well on the MCAT. Students must also maintain a certain GPA as they work their way through required college classes. Manyoffers are conditional on the student's undergraduate and testing performance. Most combined programs are the same length as non-combined ones: eight years. In other words, most students in direct medical programs will still go to college for four years and then to medical school for four years. Afew programs offer accelerated programsbycompressing the amount of time spent as an undergraduate; these may be seven or even just six years in length. For example, Drexel University College of Medicine offers both an eight-year combined program and a seven-year combined program. It has eight-year BA/MD and BS/MD programs for students majoring in biomedical engineering or engineering. It also offers a fast-tracked seven-year BA/BS/MD program for students majoring in biological sciences, chemistry, psychology, or engineering. Most schoolshave either an eight-year or accelerated program, while others like Drexel offer both choices depending on your field of study as an undergraduate. Before taking a closer look at accelerated programs, let’s go over some of the pros and cons of combined medical programs for students. Pro: you'll get to impress people by adding MD after your name whenever you sign it. Con: you might not be able to watch shows like Grey's Anatomy anymore because of all their medical inaccuracies. Want to build the best possible college application fpr BS/MD programs? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. Combined BA/MD and BS/MD Programs: Pros and Cons Now that we've covered what exactly combined medical programs are, it's time to take a look at the pros and cons of entering one. Pros of a Combined Medical Program Applying to medical school is a competitive and stressful process, so the major pro of getting into a combined program is that you won’t have to go through all that application stress! Rather, you’ll be able to rest easy and focus on your academics, knowingyou’ve already been accepted. What's more, a combined program allows you to commit fully to your goals, and pursue medicine in your academic and professional path. You’ll be focused on medicine throughout your education and graduate with an MD. Not only will you have a steadyeducational and career path, but you can also benefit from the stability of studying at one school or in one system of schools. Through a combined program, you’ll get deeply immersed in a community and can get to know your professors and facilities well during your studies. Finally, in addition to offering students a stable and challenging program in their chosen fields, many combined programs offer scholarship money. Since they tend to be extremely selective, direct medical programs often offer financial aid to high-achieving students who get in. Getting this money can greatly assist you in achieving your educational goals. Of course, there are somedownsides to think aboutforcombined medical programs. Let’s consider some of the cons of committing to a six- to eight-year program. Cons of a Combined Medical Program First, there's time: most combined programs involve eight years of intensive study. Although these programs do eliminate the hurdle of a stressful med school application process, they also demand a huge commitment from high school students. Your goals could very well shift as you grow and have new experiences in college. Combined programs call for a great deal of dedication and commitment from young students whose aimsmight change as they grow older. Of course, dropping out of the program is always an option if your goals change. If you do drop out but later change your mind and decide to reapply to med school, you might end up stuck at a school that wasn’t your first choice or find yourself lacking required courses. On the flip side, if you switch your major from pre-med to something else, you might have to add more semesters as an undergrad. As you can see, though possible, giving up such a selective program you worked hard to get into would almost certainly be a stressful and nerve-wracking ordeal in itself! Another potential con of some combined programs is the commitment to the same location for eight years. Some students might be ready to experience a new city after undergrad, but those in combined programs will likely have to stick around for another four years. Though some combined programs involve relocating to a partner school, most are at the same university. Just as combined programs limit your choices in terms of medical schools and location, they also typically don’t offer much flexibility in curriculum. While your fellow students might discover different fields or participate in study abroad programs, your own course schedule might not allow for as much exploration. This kind of intensive, structured program might be a pro for some students and a con for others. Just be aware that combined programs call for a big commitment at a young age, and carefully consider whether you’re readyto make that leap. Before we check out the full list of schools offering combined medical programs, let’s take a moment to go over accelerated programs and how they’re unique. Acceleratedprograms take an already intense track of study and send it into hyperspeed. What Are Accelerated BA/MD and BS/MD Programs? An accelerated program is a type of combined medical program that's shorter than the typical eight years. Most of these programs are seven, but a few are as short as six years. Usually, the undergraduate portion,rather than the medical school portion, is shortened. These programs might combine two required classes into one, or have students attend year-round by taking intensive courses throughout the summer. Aswith combined programs, students will move directly from undergrad into a medical school program to which they’ve already been accepted- they might just be a little younger than their peers. Accelerated BA/MD and BS/MD Programs: Pros and Cons In addition to the considerations discussed above, what are some of the pros and cons specific to accelerated combined medical programs? Pros of an Accelerated Program As a combined program, an accelerated program shares all the pros discussed above, such as the opportunity to get early acceptance to medical school and to commit to a field of study you’re passionate about. Furthermore, the shorter time means you can enter medical school and earn your MD even faster,giving you a leap ahead into your profession by a year or more. Because these programs are shorter, they might also have a lower cost than the traditional eight-year path. Note that accelerated programs are by no means easier than non-acceleratedones; in fact, they’re usually even more challenging because they compress the same material and requirements into a shorter amount of time. If you’re a high-achieving, motivated student, an accelerated medical program may be just the kind of challenging and intensive experience you’re looking for. Cons of an Accelerated Program The accelerated nature of these programs means that they demand even more of a commitment from applicants, who are often young high school students. These fast-paced programs are a huge challenge and offer even less flexibilitythan the regular eight-year combined programs. If you commit to an accelerated program, not only do you have to be absolutely sure about your decision to earn your MD in a shortened period of time, but you also have to be prepared to miss out on some normal undergraduate experiences. As someone studying on the fast track, you won’t have as much time to explore, socialize, or perhapsstudy abroad. Such experiences as these can be enriching parts of college, so think deeply about whether you’re ready to limit them. Additionally, accelerated programs often require students to study year-round, limiting the potential for summer jobs, travel, and/or internships. These programs can be grueling, packing already tough classes like Organic Chemistry I and II into one semester. The main risk here is that the stress could turn you away from a path you would've otherwise enjoyed had you instead taken the slower route. Finally, because the program is shorter than others, you need to do your research to make sure it’s high quality. Whether you’re committing to a combined or accelerated program, it's important to do extensive research to ensure you’re committing the next six to eight years of your life to the best program for you. Choose a medical school already! Your cat is tired of playing patient. Combined BS/MD and BA/MD Programs: The Full List Below is our most updated list of combined BS/MD and BA/MD programs in the US. We’ve divided the list as follows: Programs you apply to as a high school student Early assurance programs you apply to after you get accepted to or enter undergrad Some schools have several medical programs lasting six, seven, or eight years. You can click on the name of each school to learn more about its combined medical programs and admissions process. Note that there are a few combined programs on the list that are only available to state residents(or require students to become state residents once they matriculate as an undergrad). These programs have been marked with an asterisk. Combined BA/BS/MD Programs for High School Applicants With these combined programs, you apply as a high school student and get guaranteed admission to medical school. To keep the offer valid, you’ll have to take required courses and maintain a certain GPA. Despite your guaranteed admission to medical school, you might still have to take the MCAT for some of these BA/MD or BS/MD programs. School Program Length in Years Albany Medical College 7 or 8 Baylor College of Medicine 8 Boston University School of Medicine 7 or 8 Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine 8 California Northstate University School of Medicine 6 or 7 Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine 8 City College of New York (Brooklyn College) 7 or 8 City College of New York (Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education) 7 Drexel University College of Medicine 7 or 8 Florida Atlantic University Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine* 7 or 8 Florida State University College of Medicine 7 or 8 George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences 7 or 8 Hofstra North Shore- LIJ School of Medicine 8 Howard University College of Medicine 6 Indiana State University* 8 Medical College of Georgia* 8 Meharry Medical College 7 or 8 Northeast Ohio Medical University* 6 or 7 Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine 7 or 8 Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine 8 Rowan University- Cooper School of Medicine 8 Rutgers New Jersey Medical School 7 or 8 Sidney Kimmel Medical College 6, 7, or 8 Stony Brook University School of Medicine 8 St. Louis University School of Medicine 8 Temple University School of Medicine 8 Texas AM Health Science Center College of Medicine* 8 Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine* 8 The Commonwealth Medical College 8 University of Alabama School of Medicine 8 University of Cincinnati College of Medicine 8 University of Connecticut School of Medicine* 8 University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine* 8 University of Hawaii School of Medicine* 8 University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine 6 University of Nevada School of Medicine* 7 University of New Mexico School of Medicine* 8 University of Oklahoma School of Medicine 7 or 8 University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine 8 University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry 8 University of South Alabama College of Medicine* 8 University of South Florida College of Medicine 7 University of Toledo School of Medicine 7, 8, or 9 Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine 8 Wayne State University School of Medicine 8 *State residents only, or state residents preferred So your preferred program wants you to wait and apply as an undergraduate? I guess your pets can put up with this doctor-patient make-believe game just a little longer. Combined BA/BS/MD Programs for Undergraduate Applicants The following schools offer programs you apply to once you’ve already been accepted there as an undergrad. They might ask you to apply as a freshman or sophomore. Like the list above, you can click on the name of each school to read more about its BA/MD and BS/MD programs, in addition to its admissions process. School Program Length in Years Boston University School of Medicine 8 Drexel University College of Medicine 8 East Carolina University 8 George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences 7 or 8 Hampden-Sydney College 7 or 8 Loyola University, Stritch School of Medicine 8 Marshall University- Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine 8 Meharry Medical College 8 Mount Sinai School of Medicine 8 Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine 7 Robert Wood Johnson Medical School 8 Rowan University 8 Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolState 7 or 8 Temple University School of Medicine 7 Texas A M Health Science Center College of Medicine* 8 The Commonwealth Medical College 8 Tufts University School of Medicine 8 Tulane University School of Medicine 8 University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine 8 University of Central Florida College of Medicine 8 University of Florida College of Medicine 7 University of Miami School of Medicine 7 or 8 University of New York Upstate Medical School 8 University of South Florida College of Medicine 7 Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine 8 *State residents only Now that you’ve seen the full lists of combined medical programs, let’s review some points to consider if you’re deciding whether or not to apply to a BS/MD or BA/MD dual degree program. Want to build the best possible college application? We can help. PrepScholar Admissions is the world's best admissions consulting service. We combine world-class admissions counselors with our data-driven, proprietary admissions strategies. We've overseen thousands of students get into their top choice schools, from state colleges to the Ivy League. We know what kinds of students colleges want to admit. We want to get you admitted to your dream schools. Learn more about PrepScholar Admissions to maximize your chance of getting in. A combined medical program isn't exactly "until death do us part," but it's still a big commitment! Make sure you're ready to make it. Deciding on a Combined BA/MD or BS/MD Program Applying to college requires a lot of research, and applying to a combined medical school program requires even more. When you agree to a dual degree program, you’re not just committing to a school for four years of undergraduate coursework- you’re committing to six to eight years of both undergraduate and graduate education. Because of the nature of this commitment, you must carefully consider your reasons for wanting to attend medical school. Make sure you understand your program’s requirements and are comfortable pursuing an intensive track of study in the same city for the foreseeable future. Combined programs are highly selective, and they tend to expect applicants to have some experience, oftenthrough an internship or volunteer work in the medical field. Any kind of firsthand experience working in a medical setting or shadowing a doctor can help you determine whether an MD is the right degree for you. If you feel ready to commit to this path, then it's critical to put together the strongest application you can. Demonstrate your passion for the field through your essays and experiences, and show admissions officers that you have the maturity and drive to pursue your pre-med and medical degrees in a combined program. If you ultimately decide that a combined program’s the right path for you, you’ll be able to relax and enjoy the assurance of a guaranteed medical school acceptance. Of course, you can probably only relax for a moment. Then it’s back to work! What’s Next? Are your sights set on the Ivy League? If you’re a motivated student applying to top schools, you should definitely check out our comprehensive guide on how to get into Harvard and other highly selective schools. In addition to sharinghis tips for getting into Harvard, PrepScholar cofounder Allen Cheng published the teacher recommendation letters that got him accepted! Check out Allen’s Ivy League-worthy rec letters, and use them to guide you as you collect this extremely important pieceof your application. You might know how important your recommendations and personal essay are for college, but do you know how to write about your extracurricular activities? This guide will show you how to talk about your extracurricular activities in the most strategic way possibleon your college applications. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: