Industrial Leaders Controversy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 928 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Industry Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Industrial Leaders – Robber barons or Industrial Statesmen? The late 19th century industrial leaders have often been called industrial statesmen for the great economic power they brought to America. However, they have also been called robber barons† since they built this great wealth by abusing the system, their employees, and destroying their competitors. These kings of industry displayed characteristics of both industrial statesmen and robber barons. But which would better describe them? They had their faults, but overall these leaders should be respected for all they have done. The Gilded Age was a century known for having capitalism, corruption, and crude displays of wealth. Business leaders thought too much of their own money to notice the negative effect they had on the business market. Mark Twain named the Gilded Age – ‘gilded’ meaning ‘covered with gold’. He was one of the many people who believed that these business ow ners were robber barons and lived only for the making of their own money. Twain had said that the main goal for a man was to get rich – preferably in the most dishonest way. He strongly believed that millionaires like Rockefeller and Carnegie dishonestly received their high income. Likewise, William Sumner wrote â€Å"The captains of industry†¦ if they are successful, win great fortunes in a short time. † There was a huge difference – The captains of industry were well liked, while the millionaire robber barons. Andrew Carnegie, one of the top millionaires, was actually quite concerned for the public and their income. In fact, he wrote that the lucky wealthy should lead a simple life. Truth be told, he himself owned 40,000 acres of land and it was difficult to keep his moneymaking life modest. However, he was still one of the most humble of his fellow millionaire friends. He believed that civilization has greatly advanced and changed life conditions, yet he encouraged industrial and commercial competition. On the other hand, John D. Rockefeller, also known as the owner of Standard Oil Co. did not care much for modesty. His oil company proudly took over 90 percent of all oil businesses. Rockefeller spent a lot of time focusing on how his money could help humanity and how his business could profit. Before his death in 1937 and after making such a mind-blowing amount of money, he was generous enough to donate much of it to medical use, schools, and Baptist projects. These acts of total integrity put him in the spot right between â€Å"industrial statesmen† and â€Å"robber baron. † One would hope that the owner of railroads would be gracious toward humanity as well, but William Vanderbilt had no plans of being gracious whatsoever. His railroads did improve services, but in an interview with the Chicago Daily News in 1882 he would say, â€Å"Public be damned†¦ I don’t take any stock in this silly non sense about working for anyone’s good but our own† In respect to Rockefeller and Vanderbilt’s doings, Russell H. Conwell agreed that being rich was the best way to live. In his speech ‘Acres of Diamonds’, he declared that the majority of the rich were the most honest men you could find in the community. The rich became rich because they were the ones trusted with money, and therefore deserved it. Conwell and many others lived by the statement that it is one’s duty to get rich. Obviously, this helped them all think a little more of their money and did not help in the realization of how they were corrupting the government. Overall, the â€Å"industrial statesmen† prototype tended to protrude more than the â€Å"robber barons†. One could tell by their work that their efforts towards society were for the people and not at all for the money. For example, Tomas Edison; in a letter, he wrote that he would soon have the best and large st Laboratory. He was also sure that his company would make anything â€Å"from a ladys watch to a Locomotive. Edison showed great dedication for his work and the skilled workers he had. He knew the correct way to run a business and to pick the workers. He strove for better results, because it would help humanity. James Weaver can be labeled as an industrial statesman since his main desire was a good, capable business. In his novel â€Å"A Call to Action†, Walker discussed that trusts are in conflict with the common law. He stood behind his opinion that the main weapons of trusts are threats, intimidation, bribery, fraud, wreck, and pillage; all those in favor of trusts are robber barons. In conclusion, the Captains of Industry tried to organize new industries and provide better services as well. They also provided good jobs for the workers and gave much of their money to various charities. The Robber Barons, on the other hand, made millions of dollars without noticing th eir workers’ small incomes or donating a cent to a deserving cause. They were too busy checking the inflating prices, destroying competitors, and corrupting the government. However, characterizing the industrialists as a whole is completely uncalled-for, but an only be measured by an extent. Did they influenced Mark Twain in the naming of the Gilded Age or did they really did help out the U. S financially? The U. S had many factories and businesses that ran well, but they did not have unity. The economic world fell since there were constant wars between businesses and strikes between the people and the business. Like everyone else on this planet, they had flaws. However, the industrial leaders of the 19th century should be admired for their input into U. S. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Industrial Leaders Controversy" essay for you Create order

The International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights...

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (the Covenant) is arguably one of the most important treaties in international human rights law. The Human Rights Committee (the Committee), an independent body of experts established under article 28 of the Covenant are responsible for monitoring the implementation of the Covenant . The Covenant protects and promotes civil and political rights of individuals. It is part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which sets out civil and political rights, as well as economic, social and cultural rights . The Covenant has 168 State parties that have signed and ratified it . While the Covenant may have universal resonance – all states have humans making up their population – it has not been wholly accepted everywhere. In fact, a number of State parties have submitted reservations to the Covenant, restricting their already limited obligations under the Covenant . This essay will seek to show that the approach tak en to invalid reservations in General Comment 24 is not the established position, and thus has been criticised. Furthermore, this essay will reason that the approach in General Comment 24 is not appropriate for human rights treaties and that while invalid reservations to human rights treaties should be handled differently, the consent of State parties to the reservations must be respected and not usurped. States are not beholden to anyone but themselves; there is no supranational government that will haveShow MoreRelatedThe International Covenant On Civil And Political Rights2000 Words   |  8 PagesSection 3 – Article 9 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights This article ensures the prohibition on arbitrary arrest and detention. It has been a long common method to deprive a person of his liberty by imprisoning. 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It comprises various interrelated attributes and is often linked to the enjoyment of other rights, such as the right to life and liberty and the prohibition against torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. All persons must have equal rights of access to the courts and tribunals, including accessRead MoreProblems with Ethiopia’s Unofficial Cyber Espionage Essay1038 Words   |  5 Pagesinnocent journalists and violates the United Nations-The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - Article 19 Freedom of Expression. The purpose of this paper will address problems with Ethiopia’s unofficial cyber espionage and evaluate the effects this has on journalist Article 19 freedom of expression is violated. Ethiopia’s Anti-Terrorism Proclamation are explained along with The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights which includes Article 19 and how both are used in journalism

The Comedy in Chivalry Free Essays

Jordynn Barnes April 16, 2013 The comedy in Chivalry The historical adulteration of chivalry in Don Quixote by Cervantes ties in to its literary parody. Don Quixote parodies the anticipation of chivalric affection: lone knights had lost their military essence. The dominant classes still served the ideology of chivalry. We will write a custom essay sample on The Comedy in Chivalry or any similar topic only for you Order Now The loss chivalry can be tied into the War of the Alpujarras. The knights, the caballeros de cuantia, were obligated to keep their horse and armor ready for serving the king, but slowly and shamefully they were unprepared. The knight’s individual language of knightly service represents the parody realism of chivalry as foolish as Don Quixote could fantasize about. Also, The knight’s materialistic behavior and desire of self-interest represented the character Sancho Panza. Don Quixote has read about chivalric romance and he tried to imitate the knights-errant. This is comical, because he had such a since of mission. These knights that he was trying to imitate were so far from being chivalric, yet he thought otherwise. The armor that the knights used to wear was for military purposes, but while going on his missions through La Mancha, he made sure to have his armor on. This was strange to the La Mancha town’s people, because wearing armor did not necessarily mean that knight was chivalric. Chivalry was long dead, and people only knew of it through books; it was not a practice they were used to. Don Quixote attempted to bring back this practice, and this draws attention to the interlude between social hierarchy and the principles that it sustained. This story of Don Quixote is a burlesque epic of the chivalry romance. Cervantes tried to teach the readers the sincerity by creating a ridiculous comedy my mocking and ridiculing the time period. Cervantes first shows how the protagonist’s noble knightly manner is old fashioned. The comedy is easy to understand, because the dynamics of the story are simple. Don Quixote tries to act out what he has read in the stories, for example, he lets prostitutes pamper him, because he says that they are princesses. In chapter three, he lets the innkeeper properly knight him, because he has not yet been knighted yet. Don Quixote thought that it was a knight’s duty to protect the citizens, so another comical scene in the novel is when Don Quixote tries to save a boy from being beaten from his master. Don Quixote tried to revolve the conflict, and he felt satisfied when he rode off on his horse; but little did he know is that the master beat the worker boy even worse after Don Quixote had left. â€Å"We can define comedy as something that entertains the reader and that makes us want to laugh out loud and Cervantes succeeds in doing this through his use of parody and satire and burlesque, slapstick and simple self-reflexive comedy. Along with the comedy, Cervantes uses adventures and shock through Don Quixote’s character to further entertain. Don Quixote had intervals of lucidity and moments of insanity. A moment of insanity is when he used the galley slaves to help fight off the guards so that he could reach his princess. Don Quixote freed the galley slaves, and in return the galley slaves beat Don Quixote, and left him. â€Å"Cervantes places particular emphasis on the comedy of appearance, comedy of situation and the comedy of action during Don Quixote’s adventures and it is the use of these devices that makes the story so humorous from beginning to end. The theme of appearance is used to show the burlesque role of chivalry in the story. The material appearance of Don Quixote and his horse Rocinante, as well as Don Quixote’s vision on the banal places he stumbles upon proceeded to generate the foundation for laughter. The fact that Don Quixote had used cardboard as a visor showed in itself the humor from the description of his appearance. Not only did he use cardboard, he held his helmet together by green ribbons, and when the innkeeper had asked him to take his helmet off he said no, because taking it off would make the helmet fall apart. How to cite The Comedy in Chivalry, Papers

Court Case Dartmouth College vs. Woodward free essay sample

John Marshall believed the united States needed a strong national government. In your essay describe three specific events in John Marshals life and explain why those episodes convinced him that the United States needed a strong national government. In the second part of your essay describe the significant issues of three specific decisions by the Marshall Court and then explain how each case strengthened the national government? Court Cases: Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) by forbidding the state legislature to alter the college charter, established the principle that charters were contracts which could not be impaired.Barron V Baltimore: Facts of the Case In 1 816, the New Hampshire legislature attempted to change Dartmouth College a privately funded institution-?into a state university. The legislature changed the school s corporate charter by transferring the control of trustee appointments to the governor. In an attempt to regain authority over the resources of Dartmouth College, the old trustees filed suit against William H. We will write a custom essay sample on Court Case: Dartmouth College vs. Woodward or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Woodward, who sided with the new appointees. Question Did the New Hampshire legislature unconstitutionally interfere with Dartmouth Colleges rights under the Contract Clause?Conclusion Decision: 5 votes for Dartmouth College, 1 vote(s) against Legal provision: US Cons. Art 1, Section 10 In a 6;to-1 decision, the Court held that the Colleges corporate charter qualified as a contract between private parties, with which the legislature could not interfere. The fact that the government had commissioned the charter did not transform the school into a civil institution. Chief Justice Marshals opinion emphasized that the term contract referred to transactions involving individual property rights, not to the political relations between the government and its citizens. The Supreme Court decided that the Bill of Rights, specifically the Fifth Amendments guarantee that government takings of private property for public use require just compensation, are restrictions on the federal government alone. Writing for a unanimous court, Chief Justice John Marshall held that the first ten amendments contain no expression indicating an intention to apply them to the State governments. This court cannot so apply them. Barron v. Baltimore, 32 U. S. 243, 250. To demonstrate that Constitutional limits did not apply to States unless expressly stated,Marshall used the example of Article l, Sections 9 and 10: The third clause (of Section 9), for example, declares that no bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall be passed. No language can be more general; yet the demonstration is complete that it applies solely to the government of the United States The succeeding section, the avowed purpose of which is to restrain state legislation Declares that no state shall pass any bill of attainder or ex post facto law. This provision, then, of the ninth section, however comprehensive its language, contains no restriction on state legislation.The case was particularly important in terms of American government because it stated that the freedoms guaranteed by the Bill of Rights did not restrict the state governments. Later Supreme Court rulings would reaffirm this ruling of Barron, most notably United States v. Cruickshank, 92 U. S. 542 (1876). However, beginning in the early 20th century, the Supreme Court has used the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment (interpreted, however, to have the same meaning as the 5th amendment) to apply most of the Bill of Rights to the states through the process and doctrine of selective incorporation.Therefore, as to most, but not all, provisions of the Bill of Rights, Barron and its progeny have been circumvented, if not actually overruled. Mortuary. Madison Mammary v. Madison (1803) was the first important case before Marshals Court. In that case, the Supreme Court invalidated a provision of the Judiciary Act of 1 789 on the grounds that it violated the Constitution by attempting to expand the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. Aneurysms the first and only case in which the Marshall Court ruled an act of Congress unconstitutional, and thereby reinforced the doctrine of judicial review. Thus, although the Court indicated that the Jefferson administration was violating another law, the Court said it could not do anything about it due to its own lack of jurisdiction. President Thomas Jefferson took the position that the Court could not give him a mandamus (I. E. An order) even if the Court had jurisdiction: In the case of Mammary and Madison, the federal judges declared that commissions, signed and sealed by the President, were valid, although not delivered.I deemed delivery essential to complete a deed, which, as long as it remains in the hands of the party, is as yet no deed, it is in Jose only, but not in sees, and I withheld delivery of the commissions. They cannot issue a mandamus to the President or legislature, or to any of their officers. [46] I I More generally, Jefferson lamented that allowing the Constitution to mean whatever the Court says it means would make the Constitution a mere thing of wax in the hands of the judiciary, which they may twist and sha pe into any form they Because Mammary v. Madison decided that a jurisdictional statute passed by Congress was unconstitutional, that was technically a victory for the Jefferson administration (so it could not easily complain). Ironically what was unconstitutional was Congress granting a certain power to the Supreme Court itself. The case allowed Marshall to proclaim the doctrine of judicial review, which reserves to the Supreme Court final authority to judge whether or not actions of the president or of the congress are within the powers granted to them by the Constitution.The Constitution itself is the supreme law, and when the Court believes that a specific law or action is in violation of it, the Court must uphold the Constitution and set aside that other law or action, assuming that a party has standing to properly invoke the Courts jurisdiction. Chief Justice Marshall famously put the matter this way: I It is emphatically the province and duty of the Judicial Department to say what the law is. Those who apply the rule to particular cases must, of necessity, expound and interpret that rule.If two laws conflict with each other, the Courts must decide on the operation of each. I The Constitution does not explicitly give judicial review to the Court, and Jefferson was very angry with Marshals position, for he wanted the President to decide whether his acts ere constitutional or not. Historians mostly agree that the framers of the Constitution did plan for the Supreme Court to have some sort of judicial review; what Marshall did Was make operational their goals. 47] Judicial review was not new and Marshall himself mentioned it in the Virginia ratifying convention of 1788. Marshals opinion expressed and fixed in the American tradition and legal system a more basic theory-?government under law. That is, judicial review means a government in which no person (not even the President) and no institution (not even Congress or the Supreme Court itself), or even a majority of voters, may freely work their will in violation of the written Constitution.